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　　必备词汇

　　1. reference [ˈrefərəns]

　　n. 提到;查阅;参考书目;推荐信(或人)

　　2. connection [kəˈnekʃən]

　　n. 联系，关系;连接

　　3. otherwise [ˈʌðəwaiz]

　　conj. 否则 ad. 否则;除此以外

　　4. correct [kəˈrekt]

　　a. 正确的;合适的 vt. 改(纠)正

　　5. plain [plein]

　　a. 清晰的;简单的;坦率的 n. 平原

　　6. seat [si:t]

　　n. 座位;场所;席位 vt. 使坐下;容纳

　　7. weak [wi:k]

　　a. 虚弱的;(能力等)差的;微弱的，稀薄

　　8. excite [ikˈsait]

　　vt. 使激动，使兴奋;引起，激起

　　9. beat [bi:t]

　　vt. 打;战胜 vi. 跳动 n. 跳动(声);节拍

　　10. perfect [ˈpə:fikt, pəˈfekt]

　　a. 完美的 vt. 使完美

　　专业英语真题

　　Centuries ago, owning a portrait was considered a luxury and a sign of ostentatious wealth. Only people from high society and well-to-do families could afford it.

　　Classic Chinese portraiture was a way to pay respect and to educate people on social norms and courtesies. Portraits reflect one's physical features and, at the same time are a snapshot of the times showing traces of history. They help people understand the changes of the world. The earliest known examples of Chinese portraiture include two silk paintings unearthed in separate tombs from the Warring States Period(475-221 BC). They depict the side profile of a man riding a dragon and a woman with a phoenix and a dragon. The two works were created for a funeral and were held up in front of the subjects’ coffins . They were meant to bring comfort to the decreased, and accompany them into the afterlife.

　　The Tang(618-907) and Song(960-1279) dynasties witnessed a boom in art, including the birth of great figure paintings and painters specializing in the genre. And yet, it was not until the beginning of the Ming Dynasty that portraiture, previously confined to royal circles, and high-ranking officials, gradually became popular among government officials of lower ranks, landlords and businessmen and their families. Portraiture reached a peak during the Tang Dynasty, when painters achieved excellence in lifelike profiles and were able to reveal the temperament and mentality of their subjects. The standards and formats being established continued into the Song and Yuan(1271-1368) dynasties.

　　Flourishing commerce during the Ming and Qing dynasties gave rise to a growing population of well-off citizens and a rising demand for arts and culture, including placing orders from professional portrait painters. Promoting this wave of figure painting were a group of prominent artists, including Zeng Jing, Yu Zhiding and Xu Zhang. These artists carried forward the portraiture tradition by improving techniques, enriching the themes and styles of the form, and diversifying its presentations. Before that, portraiture normally depicted emperors, mythological characters, men of high morality and reputation and historic figures who rendered outstanding services.While during the Ming and Qing dynasties, the genre developed more categories to meet diverse market demands.One of them is imaginative portraiture of ancestors of successive generations which are ordered by ordinary families for worship on a day-to-day basis.Some works show officials and royal palaces in the background, expressing their commitment to service and royalty. Another common category of portraiture usually shows an intellectual or a gathering of learned persons, set in and against a natural landscape often of thatched cottages, mountains, woods,rocks and streams -an indication of their detachment from worldly affairs.

　　1.Which of the following can replace the underlined word “ostentatious” in paragraph 1?

　　A.Inferior.

　　B. Ordinary.

　　C.Unfortunate.

　　D. Magnificent.

　　2.What is the function of the two silk paintings unearthed from the Warring States Period?

　　A.To accompany the decreased after their death

　　B.To depict the side profile of the man and woman.

　　C.To educate people on social norms and courtesies.

　　D. To help people understand the changes of the world.

　　3.Which kind of portraiture you are NOT likely to find during The Tang and Song dynasties?

　　A.Royal circles.

　　B.Businessmen.

　　C.Well-to-do families.

　　D.High-ranking officials.

　　4. Which is NOT the way that Zeng Jing,Yu Zhiding and Xu Zhang carried forward the portraiture tradition?

　　A.To improve techniques.

　　B.To place orders of portrait painters.

　　C.To enrich themes and styles of the form.

　　D.To develop a wider range of presentations.

　　5.How many categories of portraiture does the author mention during the Ming and Qing dynasties?

　　A.One.

　　B.Two.

　　C.Three.

　　D. Four.

　　参考答案

　　1. 【考点】词义猜测题。

　　【精析】D Centuries ago, owning a portrait was considered a luxury and a sign of ostentatious wealth. Only people from high society and well-to-do families could afford it.几个世纪前，拥有肖像被认为是一种奢侈，也是炫耀财富的标志。只有上流社会和富裕家庭的人才能负担得起。A 次等的。B 普通的。C 不幸的。D 宏伟的

　　2. 【考点】事实细节题。

　　【精析】A 文中定位“ the Warring States Period(475-221 BC). ”后面句子解释 They were meant to bring comfort to the decreased, and accompany them into the afterlife。可知选 A。

　　3. 【考点】事实细节题。

　　【精析】B 文中定位“ The Tang(618-907) and Song(960-1279) dynasties ”根据 And yet, it was not until the beginning of the Ming Dynasty that portraiture, previously confined to royal circles, and high-ranking officials, gradually became popular among government officials of lower ranks, landlords and businessmen and their families. 可知即使是繁荣的唐宋，肖像画只限于皇室和贵族。知道后期明初期才被下层阶段人民接受。所以正确答案选 B。

　　4. 【考点】事实细节题。

　　【精析】B . 文中定位“ including Zeng Jing, Yu Zhiding and Xu Zhang ”从 These artists carried forward the portraiture tradition by improving techniques, enriching the themes and styles of the form, and diversifying its presentations. 可得知，B 选项是没有的，所以选择 B。

　　5. 【考点】事实细节题。

　　【精析】C .While during the Ming and Qing dynasties, the genre developed more categories to meet diverse market demands.中可知后边开始描述类别了：One of them is... Some works... Another... 共三类。由此选择 C。

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